浅色基础油的真相

"I often hear the term 'bright stock' in reference to certain oils. Can you explain what this term means and how bright stock oils are different than other oils?"

 

“我经常听到"浅色基础油"，这个词是指某些油。你能解释一下这个术语的含义，以及浅色基础油与其他油有多大的不同吗？

 

The term "bright stock" refers to the base oil. Generally, a Group I base oil is described as either solvent neutral (SN) or bright stock (BS). These types of oils are used in the production of lubricants and lubricant additives but usually do not include additives.

 

“浅色基础油”这个术语指的是基础油。通常，组I 基础油被描述为溶剂(SN)或浅色基础油(BS)。这些类型的油用于生产润滑剂油和润滑油添加剂，但通常不包括添加剂。

 

Group I base oils are solvent-refined, which involves a simpler refining process. This is why they are the cheapest base oils on the market. For solvent neutral base oils, the refining process is as follows: The crude oil is run through a vacuum distillation process, followed by solvent extraction and then solvent dewaxing.

 

I 类基础油是溶剂精炼的，这涉及一个更简单的精炼过程。这就是为什么它们是市场上最便宜的基础油。对于溶剂中性基础油，精炼过程如下：原油通过减压蒸馏过程，然后进行溶剂萃取，再进行溶剂脱蜡。

 

Bright stock oils are sent through a hydrofinishing process where they are subjected to slightly higher temperatures and pressures of hydrogen gas to break the double molecular bonds and force out free radicals. This results in higher quantities of purer hydrocarbon molecules.

 

浅色基础油是通过加氢精制过程发送的，在此过程中，它们受到较高的氢气温度和压力，以打破双分子键并迫使自由基。这导致了更多的纯烃分子。

 

However, this hydrofinishing process is not nearly as robust as the hydrotreating or hydrocracking that occurs in the Group II and III refining processes. Group II base oils have better antioxidation properties, since all the hydrocarbon molecules of these oils are saturated. They also have a clearer color and cost more in comparison to Group I base oils.

 

然而，这种加氢精制过程并不像II和III类精炼过程中发生的加氢处理或加氢裂化那样强健。II 类基础油具有较好的抗氧化性能，因为这些油的碳氢化合物分子都是饱和的。与组I基础油相比，它们也有更清晰的颜色和成本。

 

Group III base oils are refined even more than Group II base oils and generally are severely hydrocracked (with higher pressure and heat). This longer process is designed to achieve a purer base oil. Although made from crude oil, Group III base oils are sometimes described as synthesized hydrocarbons.

 

III 类基础油的精炼甚至超过II 类基础油，通常是严重的加氢裂化（具有较高的压力和热量）。这种较长的工艺是为了获得更纯的基础油。虽然由原油制成，但III类基础油有时被描述为合成碳氢化合物。

 

When examining product data sheets, you should know that the inclusion of the term "hydrofinished" could indicate that BS base stocks were utilized. Depending on the application, this may result in a higher-quality finished product than those with SN Group I base stocks.

 

在检查产品数据表时，您应该知道，包含术语“水电成品”可能表明使用了BS基础基础油。根据应用，这可能导致一个比那些SN I类基础油更高质量的成品。

 

There has been a steady decline in the number of refineries producing Group I base oils. As technology has advanced, the Group II refining process has become more efficient. Dewaxing even allows for better yield from a barrel of oil.

 

生产I类基础油的炼油厂数量稳步下降。随着技术的进步，II类基础油的精炼工艺变得更加高效。脱蜡甚至可以从一桶油中获得更好的产量。

 

Naphthenic oils also are now being employed rather than paraffinic oils to make bright stock oils. These base oils are lower in cost and can help lower the production costs for finished lubricants. 

 

环烷油现在也被使用，而不是石蜡油，以制造浅色基础油。这些基础油的成本较低，可以帮助降低成品润滑油的生产成本。